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Content Area: Math
Index: 4.1B Grade 3 CPI 1
Standard: 4.1 - Number and Numerical Operations
Strand: B - Numerical Operations
Cumulative Progress Indicator: 1 - The student will develop the meanings of the four basic arithmetic operations by modeling and discussing a large variety of problems. · Addition and subtraction: joining, separating, comparing · Multiplication: repeated addition, area/array · Division: repeated subtraction, sharing
Grade: 3
Sample Activities:
· Students broaden their initial understanding of multiplication as repeated addition by dealing with situations involving arrays, expansions, and combinations. Questions of these types are not easily explained through repeated addition: How many stamps are on this 7 by 8 sheet? How big would this painting be if it was 3 times as big? How many outfits can you make with 2 pairs of pants and 3 shirts?
· Students use counters to model both repeated subtraction (There are 12 cookies. How many bags of 3?) and sharing (There are 12 cookies and 3 friends. How many cookies each?) meanings for division and write about the difference in their journals.
· Students work through the Sharing Cookies lesson that is described in the First Four Standards of this Framework. They investigate division by using 8 cookies to be shared equally among 5 people, and discuss the problem of simplifying the number sentence which describes the amount of each person's share.
· From the beginning of their work with division, children are asked to make sense out of remainders in problem situations. The answers to these three problems are different even though the division is the same: How many cars will we need to transport 19 people if each car holds 5? How many more packages of 5 ping-pong balls can be made if there are 19 balls left in the bin? How much does each of 5 children have to contribute to the cost of a $19 gift?
· Students explore division by reading The Doorbell Rang by Pat Hutchins. In this story, Victoria and Sam must share 12 cookies with increasing numbers of friends. Students can use counters to show how many cookies each person gets.
· Students learn about multiplication as an array by reading One Hundred Hungry Ants by Elinor Pinczes, Lucy and Tom's 1, 2, 3 by Shirley Hughes or Number Families by Jane Srivastava.
· Students make books showing things that come in 3's, 4's, 5's, 6's, or 12's.
Vignettes (PDF Format):
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