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Standard 5: Science
STANDARD 5.1 (SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING AND INQUIRY SKILLS, REFLECTED BY FORMULATING USABLE QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES, PLANNING EXPERIMENTS, CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS, INTERPRETING AND ANALYZING DATA, DRAWING CONCLUSIONS, AND COMMUNICATING RESULTS. Descriptive Statement: Students best learn science by doing science. Science is not merely a collection of facts and theories but a process, a way of thinking about and investigating the world in which we live. This standard addresses those skills that are used by scientists as they discover and explain the physical universe-skills that are an essential and ongoing part of learning science.
Cumulative Progress Indicators By the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Habits of Mind 2. Keep records that describe observations, carefully distinguish actual observations from ideas and speculations, and are understandable weeks and months later. 3. Recognize that when a science investigation is replicated, very similar results are expected. 4. Know that when solving a problem it is important to plan and get ideas and help from other people.
B. Inquiry and Problem Solving 2. Identify the evidence used in an explanation.
C. Safety 2. Understand and practice safety procedures for conducting science investigations.
STANDARD 5.2 (SCIENCE AND SOCIETY) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE OF VARIOUS CULTURES HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND HOW MAJOR DISCOVERIES AND EVENTS HAVE ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
Descriptive Statement: Science is a human endeavor involving successes and failures, trials and tribulations. Students should know that great numbers of people from many cultures have contributed to our understanding of science and that science has a rich and fascinating history. This standard encourages students to learn about the people and events that have shaped or revolutionized important scientific theories and concepts.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
By the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Cultural Contributions
B. Historical Perspectives 1. Hear, read, write, and talk about scientists and inventors in historical context.
STANDARD 5.3 (MATHEMATICAL APPLICATIONS) ALL STUDENTS WILL INTEGRATE MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING IN SCIENCE, AND AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING AND/OR MODELING SCIENTIFIC THEORIES.
Descriptive Statement: Science cannot be practiced or learned without appreciation of the role of mathematics in discovering and expressing natural laws. This standard recognizes the need for students to fully integrate mathematics skills with their learning of science.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Numerical Operation 2. Recognize and comprehend the orders of magnitude associated with large and small physical quantities. 3. Express quantities using appropriate number formats, such as:
B. Geometry and Measurement 1. Select appropriate measuring instruments based on the degree of precision required. 2. Use a variety of measuring instruments and record measured quantities using the appropriate units.
C. Patterns and Algebra 1. Identify patterns when observing the natural and constructed world.
D. Data Analysis and Probability 1. Use tables and graphs to represent and interpret data.
STANDARD 5.4 (NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY) ALL STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY.
Descriptive Statement: This standard focuses on developing students’ understanding of the interrelationship between science and technology. It introduces students to and expands their understanding of the nature of technology. In addition, it introduces and develops students’ abilities with technological design including experiences in predicting, decision making, critical thinking, and problem solving.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Science and Technology 1. Distinguish between things that occur in nature and those that have been designed to solve human problems.
B. Nature of Technology
C. Technological Design 1. Describe a product or device in terms of the problem it solves or the need it meets. 2. Choose materials most suitable to make simple mechanical constructions.
STANDARD 5.5 (CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND BASIC NEEDS OF ORGANISMS AND WILL INVESTIGATE THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE.
Descriptive Statement: The study of science must include the diversity, complexity, and interdependence of life on Earth. Students should know how organisms evolve, reproduce, and adapt to their environments.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Matter, Energy and Organization in Living Systems 1. Identify the roles that organisms may serve in a food chain. 2. Differentiate between the needs of plants and those of animals. 3. Recognize that plants and animals are composed of different parts performing different functions and working together for the well being of the organism. 4. Describe the basic functions of the major systems of the human body including, but not limited to: · digestive system · circulatory system · skeletal system · muscular system · reproductive system
B. Diversity and Biological Evolution 1. Develop a simple classification scheme for grouping organisms. 2. Recognize that individuals vary within every species, including humans. C. Reproduction and Heredity 1. Identify different stages in the lives of various organisms.
STANDARD 5.6 (CHEMISTRY) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF MATTER.
Descriptive Statement: Exploring the nature of matter and energy is essential to an understanding of the physical universe. This standard leads students from their experiences with the states and properties of matter to the development of models of the atom and the underlying principles of chemistry.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Structure and Properties of Matter 1. Sort materials based on physical characteristics that can be seen by using magnification. 2. Observe that water can be a liquid or a solid and can change from one form to the other and the mass remains the same. 3. Recognize that water, as an example of matter, can exist as a solid, liquid or gas and can be transformed from one state to another by heating or cooling. 4. Show that not all materials respond in the same way when exposed to similar conditions. B. Chemical Reactions
STANDARD 5.7 (PHYSICS) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL LAWS AS THEY APPLY TO MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS.
Descriptive Statement: Basic principles of physics emerge in this standard, where the study of force and motion leads students to the concept of energy. All forms of energy are introduced and investigated, and principles of transformation and laws of conservation are developed.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Motion and Forces 2. Recognize that some forces can act at a distance. · gravity
B. Energy Transformations 1. Identify sources of heat and demonstrate that heat can be transferred from one object to another. 2. Identify sources of light and demonstrate that light can be reflected from some surfaces and pass through others. 3. Use devices that show electricity producing heat, light, sound, and magnetic effects. 4. Show that differences in sound (loud or soft, high or low) can be produced by varying the way objects vibrate.
STANDARD 5.8 (EARTH SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, AND GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF THE EARTH.
Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about the composition of the Earth and the forces that shape it.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Earth’s Properties and Materials 1. Observe that most rocks and soils are made of several substances or minerals. 2. Observe that the properties of soil vary from place to place and will affect the soil’s ability to support life. 3. Recognize that fossils provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and the nature of the environment at that time. B. Atmosphere and Water 1. Recognize that air is a substance that surrounds us, takes up space, and moves around us as wind. 2. Recognize that most of Earth’s surface is covered by water and be able to identify the characteristics of those sources of water. · oceans · rivers · lakes · underground sources · glaciers 3. Observe weather changes and patterns by measurable quantities such as temperature, wind direction and speed, and amounts of precipitation. 4. Observe that when liquid water disappears, it turns into a gas (vapor) in the air and can reappear as a liquid when cooled, or as a solid if cooled below its freezing point. 5. Observe that rain, snow, and other forms of precipitation come from clouds, but that not all clouds produce precipitation. 6. Recognize that clouds and fog are made of tiny droplets of water and possibly tiny particles of ice.
C. Processes that Shape the Earth 1. Recognize that some changes of the Earth’s surface are due to slow processes such as erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid changes such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. 2. Recognize that moving water, wind, and ice continually shape the Earth’s surface by eroding rock and soil in some areas and depositing them in other areas.
D. How We Study the Earth 1. Use maps to locate and identify physical features on the Earth.
STANDARD 5.9 (ASTRONOMY and SPACE SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION, AND STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE
Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about astronomy and space science.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Earth, Moon, Sun System 1. Observe patterns that result from the Earth’s position relative to the sun and rotation of the Earth on its axis. 2. Recognize and describe the phases of the moon. B. Solar System 1. Describe Earth as one of several planets that orbit the sun and the moon as a satellite of the Earth.
C. Stars 1. Observe that stars are not all the same in brightness, size, and color.
D. Galaxies and Universe 1. Recognized that images of celestial objects can be magnified and seen in greater detail when observed using binoculars and light telescopes. 2. Observe and record short-term and long-term changes in the night sky. STANDARD 5.10 (ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT AS A SYSTEM OF INTERDEPENDENT COMPONENTS AFFECTED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY AND NATURAL PHENOMENA.
Descriptive Statement: Creating an awareness of the need to protect, conserve, and preserve natural resources is a goal of science education. This standard calls for students to develop knowledge of environmental issues, including management of natural resources, production and use of energy, waste management, and the interdependence of ecosystems.
Cumulative Progress Indicators
Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:
A. Natural Systems and Interactions 1. Differentiate between natural resources that are renewable and those that are not.
B. Human Interactions and Impact 1. Explain how meeting human requirements affects the environment.
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