STANDARD 2: Health and Physical Education

Standard 2: Health and Physical Education

STANDARD 2.1 (WELLNESS) ALL STUDENTS WILL LEARN AND APPLY HEALTH PROMOTION CONCEPTS AND SKILLS TO SUPPORT A HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE.

Descriptive Statement: This standard aims to increase student knowledge about the physical, social, emotional, and intellectual dimensions of wellness, thus enabling them to make informed choices about their health now and in the future. Wellness can be defined as a way of life that emphasizes health promotion measures such as healthy eating, learning to manage stress, reducing one’s risk of contracting a disease, and preventing and treating simple injuries. Taking responsibility for one’s own health is an essential step towards developing and maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle.

Cumulative Progress Indicators

By the end of Grade 2, students will:

A. Personal Health

1. Define wellness and explain how making healthy choices and having healthy relationships contribute to wellness.

2. Describe and demonstrate self-care practices that support wellness, such as brushing and flossing teeth, washing hands, and wearing appropriate attire for weather or sports.

B. Growth and Development

1. Name and locate body organs and parts.

2. Describe how children are alike and how they are different.

C. Nutrition

1. Explain why some foods are healthier to eat than others.

2. Sort foods according to food groups and food sources.

3. Explain what information can be found on food and product labels.

D. Diseases and Health Conditions

1. Explain why diseases and health conditions need to be detected and treated early.

2. Explain the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases.

3. Discuss common symptoms of diseases and health conditions.

4. Explain ways to prevent the spread of diseases such as hand washing, immunizations, covering coughs, and not sharing cups, hats, or combs.

E. Safety

1. Explain and demonstrate ways to prevent injuries, including seat belts and child safety seats in motor vehicles, protective gear, and fire, bus, and traffic safety procedures.

2. Explain and demonstrate simple first aid procedures, including getting help and calling 911, knowing personal information such as address and phone number, avoiding contact with blood and other body fluids, and caring for small cuts.

3. Distinguish among “good/safe touch,” “bad/unsafe touch,” and “confusing touch” and explain what to do if touching causes uncomfortable feelings.

4. Identify safe and appropriate behavior for use when interacting with strangers, acquaintances, and trusted adults.

5. Identify warning labels found on medicines and household products.

F. Social and Emotional Health

1. Explain that all human beings have basic needs including food, water, sleep, shelter, clothing, and love.

2. Recognize various emotions and demonstrate sympathy and empathy.

3. Describe and demonstrate appropriate ways to express wants, needs, and emotions.

4. Identify the possible causes of conflict and discuss appropriate ways to prevent and resolve conflicts.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:

A. Personal Health

1. Describe the physical, social, and emotional dimensions of wellness.

2. Describe and demonstrate personal hygiene practices that support wellness.

3. Analyze the impact of health choices and behaviors on wellness.

B. Growth and Development

1. Describe the structure and function of human body systems.

2. Describe each human life stage and the physical changes that occur at each stage.

3. Discuss factors that contribute to healthy physical, social, emotional, and intellectual growth and uniqueness.

C. Nutrition

1. Differentiate between healthy and unhealthy eating patterns.

2. Classify foods by food group, food source, nutritional content, and nutritional value.

3. Interpret food product labels.

4. Discuss how healthy eating provides energy, helps to maintain healthy weight, lowers risk of disease, and keeps body systems working.

D. Diseases and Health Conditions

1. Discuss the importance of the early detection of diseases and health conditions.

2. Investigate ways to treat common childhood diseases and health conditions.

3. Explain that some diseases and health conditions are preventable and some are not.

4. Describe the signs and symptoms of diseases and health conditions common in children.

5. Investigate how the use of universal precautions, sanitation and waste disposal, proper food handling and storage, and environmental controls help to prevent diseases and health conditions.

6. Discuss myths and facts about mental illness.

E. Safety

1. Describe the characteristics of safe and unsafe situations and develop strategies to reduce the risk of injuries at home, school, and community.

2. Describe and demonstrate simple first aid procedures, including the assessment of choking and breathing, the control of bleeding and the care of minor wounds and burns.

3. Explain that abuse can take several forms, including verbal, emotional, sexual, and physical, and identify ways to get help should abuse be suspected.

4. Describe the characteristics of strangers, acquaintances, and trusted adults and demonstrate safe and appropriate ways to deal with each.

F. Social and Emotional Health

1. Describe basic human needs and how individuals and families attempt to meet those needs.

2. Discuss how culture, peers, and the media impact the way individuals communicate and express emotions, and how emotions can affect communication, choices, and behaviors.

3. Distinguish among conflict, violence, vandalism, harassment, and bullying and discuss factors that contribute to each.

4. Describe and demonstrate strategies to prevent, reduce, or mediate conflict.

5. Discuss the causes of stress and demonstrate ways to deal with stressful situations.

6. Explain and demonstrate ways to cope with rejection, loss, and separation.

7. Explain how stereotypes influence personal growth and behavior.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 6, students will:

A. Personal Health

1. Discuss the physical, social, emotional, and intellectual dimensions of wellness.

2. Describe the appropriate use of healthcare and personal hygiene products.

3. Discuss how health data, such as blood pressure, body composition, and cholesterol, can be used to assess and improve wellness.

4. Discuss how health knowledge, health choices, self-control, resistance and self-management skills influence wellness.

5. Discuss how technology impacts wellness.

B. Growth and Development

1. Compare and contrast body systems, their parts and functions, and explain that body systems must work together to ensure wellness.

2. Compare the rate of physical, social, emotional, and intellectual change during various life stages and discuss ways to foster healthy growth.

3. Discuss how heredity and physiological changes contribute to an individual’s uniqueness.

C. Nutrition

1. Discuss factors that influence food choices.

2. Compare food choices based on nutrient content and value, calories, and cost and create a healthy meal plan.

3. Analyze nutrition information on food packages and labels.

4. Discuss the short- and long-term benefits and risks associated with nutritional choices.

D. Diseases and Health Conditions

1. Compare and contrast methods used to diagnose and treat diseases and health conditions.

2. Differentiate among communicable, non-communicable, acute, chronic, and inherited diseases and health conditions.

3. Compare and contrast diseases and health conditions prevalent in adolescents, including asthma, obesity, diabetes, Lyme disease, STDs, and HIV/AIDS.

4. Discuss the use of public health strategies to prevent diseases and health conditions.

5. Compare and contrast forms of mental illness such as phobias, anxiety and panic disorders, and depression.

E. Safety

1. Compare and contrast the incidence and characteristics of intentional and unintentional injuries in adolescents.

2. Analyze the short- and long-term impacts of injuries on individuals and families and develop strategies to reduce the incidence of such injuries.

3. Demonstrate and assess basic first aid procedures, including victim and situation assessment, rescue breathing and choking, and care of minor cuts, sprains, and bleeding.

4. Discuss the physical, social, and emotional impacts of all forms of abuse and discuss what to do if any form of abuse is suspected or occurs.

F. Social and Emotional Health

1. Examine how personal assets, (e.g., self esteem, positive peer relationships) and protective factors (e.g., parental involvement) support healthy social and emotional development.

2. Choose and justify appropriate strategies to deal with conflict, violence, harassment, vandalism, and bullying.

3. Describe home, school, and community efforts to prevent conflict, vandalism, bullying, harassment, and violence.

4. Describe the physical and emotional signs of stress and the short-and long-term impacts of stress on the human body.

5. Compare and contrast ways that individuals, families, and communities cope with change, crisis, rejection, loss, and separation.

6. Discuss how stereotyping might influence one’s goals, choices, and behaviors.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 8, students will:

A. Personal Health

1. Describe the appropriate selection and use of healthcare and personal hygiene products.

2. Evaluate the impact of health behaviors and choices on personal and family wellness.

3. Interpret health data to make predictions about wellness.

4. Investigate how technology and medical advances impact wellness.

B. Growth and Development

1. Discuss how body systems are interdependent and interrelated.

2. Investigate the physical, social, emotional, and intellectual changes that occur at each life stage and how those changes impact wellness.

3. Discuss how heredity, physiological changes, environmental influences, and varying social experiences contribute to an individual’s uniqueness.

C. Nutrition

1. Analyze how culture, health status, age, and eating environment influence personal eating patterns and discuss ways to improve nutritional balance.

2. Describe healthy ways to lose, gain, or maintain weight.

3. Describe the impact of nutrients on the functioning of human body systems.

4. Analyze how healthy eating patterns throughout life can reduce the risk of heart disease and high cholesterol, cancer, osteoporosis, and other health conditions.

D. Diseases and Health Conditions

1. Investigate current and emerging methods to diagnose and treat diseases and health conditions.

2. Classify diseases and health conditions as communicable, noncommunicable, acute, chronic, or inherited.

3. Compare and contrast diseases and health conditions, including hepatitis, STDs, HIV/AIDS, breast cancer, and testicular cancer.

4. Analyze local and state public health efforts to prevent and control diseases and health conditions.

5. Investigate various forms of mental illness including impulse disorders such as gambling or shopping, depression, eating disorders, and bipolar disorders.

E. Safety

1. Assess situations in the home, school, and community for perceived vs. actual risk of injuries.

2. Investigate the short- and long-term impacts of injuries on the individual, the family and the community.

3. Describe and demonstrate first aid procedures including, situation and victim assessment, Basic Life Support, and the care of bleeding and wounds, bums, fractures, shock, and poisoning.

4. Discuss the short- and long-term physical, social, and emotional impacts of all forms of abuse.

5. Describe and demonstrate strategies to increase personal safety while in public places and discuss what to do if one’s safety is compromised.

F. Social and Emotional Health

1. Analyze how personal assets, resiliency, and protective factors support healthy social and emotional development.

2. Discuss the developmental tasks of adolescence, including the development of mature relationships, gender identification, a healthy body image, emotional independence, and life skills.

3. Investigate factors and choices that contribute to the incidence of conflict, harassment, bullying, vandalism, and violence and demonstrate strategies to deal with each.

4. Analyze the effectiveness of home, school, and community efforts to prevent conflict, harassment, vandalism, and violence.

5. Debate the consequences of conflict and violence on the individual, the family, and the community.

6. Describe situations that may produce stress, describe the body’s responses to stress, and demonstrate healthy ways to manage stress.

7. Analyze how culture influences the ways families and groups cope with crisis and change.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

A. Personal Health

1. Compare and contrast healthcare and personal hygiene products and services commonly used by adolescents and young adults.

2. Investigate the impact of health choices and behaviors on personal, family, and community wellness.

3. Use health data to make predictions about wellness and recommend behavior changes to improve lifelong wellness.

4. Debate the social and ethical implications of the use of technology and medical advances to support wellness.

B. Growth and Development

1. Recommend behaviors to enhance and support the optimal functioning of body systems.

2. Predict and discuss significant developmental issues or concerns that impact each life stage.

3. Predict the impact of heredity and genetics on human growth and development.

C. Nutrition

1. Analyze and evaluate current dietary recommendations, resources, and trends from a variety of sources.

2. Design and evaluate a nutrition plan for a healthy young adult considering cost, availability, nutritional balance, freshness, nutritional value, and culture.

3. Recommend healthy ways to lose, gain, or maintain weight.

4. Analyze and evaluate how healthy and unhealthy eating patterns impact the functioning of the human body, including healthy bone development and immune system functioning.

D. Diseases and Health Conditions

1. Analyze the availability and effectiveness of current and emerging diagnostic and treatment modalities for various diseases and health conditions.

2. Discuss the relationship between signs and symptoms of disease and the functioning of the body’s immune system.

3. Compare and contrast diseases and health conditions occurring in adolescence and young adulthood with those occurring later in life, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, arthritis, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s.

4. Investigate and assess local, state, national, and international public health efforts.

5. Investigate the impact of mental illness on personal, family, and community wellness.

E. Safety

1. Evaluate work and leisure situations for perceived and actual risk of intentional and unintentional injuries.

2. Develop personal protection strategies to reduce the incidence of injuries and evaluate their effectiveness.

3. Assess the short- and long-term impacts of injuries on the individual, family members, the community, and the workplace.

4. Describe and demonstrate first aid procedures, including Basic Life Support and automatic external defibrillation, caring for bone and joint emergencies, caring for cold and heat injuries, and responding to medical emergencies.

5. Describe and demonstrate ways to protect against sexual assault and discuss what to do if sexually assaulted.

F. Social and Emotional Health

1. Discuss psychological principles and theories of personality development.

2. Analyze the impact of physical development, social norms and expectations, self-esteem, and perceived vulnerability on adolescent social and emotional growth and behavior.

3. Analyze how peer norms and expectations, the availability of weapons, substance abuse, media images, and poor role models contribute to violent behavior.

4. Predict the consequences of conflict, harassment, bullying, vandalism, and violence on individuals, families, and the community.

5. Predict how a family might cope with crisis or change and suggest ways to restore family balance and function.

STANDARD 2.2 (INTEGRATED SKILLS) ALL STUDENTS WILL USE HEALTH-ENHANCING PERSONAL, INTERPERSONAL, AND LIFE SKILLS TO SUPPORT A HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE.

Descriptive Statement: This standard seeks to foster responsible health behaviors through the enhancement of critical thinking, decision making, problem solving, and communication skills used in situations impacting personal, family, and community health. It enables students to locate and evaluate health information and resources and to develop character, leadership, and advocacy skills so they can become more active participants in the promotion of wellness. Competency in these skills enables and empowers students to resist destructive behaviors and seek out positive opportunities for growth and learning. These skills may be cross-disciplinary and should be integrated into each Comprehensive Health and Physical Education Standard.

Cumulative Progress Indicators

By the end of Grade 2, students will:

A. Communication

1. Identify sources of health information.

2. Express ideas and opinions about wellness issues.

3. Explain when and how to use refusal skills in health and safety situations.

4. Demonstrate effective communication and listening skills.

B. Decision Making

1. Explain the steps to making an effective health decision.

2. Discuss how parents, peers, and the media influence health decisions.

C. Planning and Goal Setting

1. Develop a wellness goal and explain why setting a goal is important.

D. Character Development

1. Explain that a person’s character and values are reflected in the way the person thinks, feels, and acts.

E. Leadership, Advocacy, and Service

1. Act as a leader and a follower.

2. Identify factors that lead to group success and help solve group problems.

3. Motivate group members to work together and provide constructive feedback.

4. Demonstrate respect for varying ideas and opinions.

5. Participate in a class or school service activity and explain how volunteering enhances self-esteem.

F. Health Services and Careers

1. Discuss how community helpers and healthcare workers contribute to personal and community wellness.

2. Explain when and how to seek help when feeling ill, scared, sad, lonely, or bullied.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:

A. Communication

1. Explain how to determine the validity and reliability of a health resource.

2. Present health information, orally and in writing, to peers.

3. Describe and demonstrate the effective use of communication skills, including refusal, negotiation, and assertiveness.

4. Identify and employ ways to improve listening skills.

5. Explain how to identify a health problem or issue for possible research.

B. Decision Making

1. Outline the steps to making an effective decision.

2. Discuss how parents, peers, and the media influence health decisions and behaviors.

3. Describe situations that might require a decision about health and safety.

C. Planning and Goal Setting

1. Develop a personal health goal and track progress.

2. Describe ways to support the achievement of health goals.

D. Character Development

1. Describe character traits and core ethical values such as trustworthiness, responsibility, respect, caring, justice, fairness, civic virtue, and citizenship

2. Discuss how an individual’s character positively impacts individual and group goals and success.

E. Leadership, Advocacy, and Service

1. Describe and demonstrate the characteristics of an effective leader.

2. Acknowledge the contributions of group members and choose appropriate ways to motivate them and celebrate their accomplishments.

3. Demonstrate respect for the opinions and abilities of group members.

4. Develop and articulate group goals.

5. Develop a position on a wellness issue.

6. Discuss laws and regulations created to enhance wellness.

7. Organize and participate in a school or community service activity and discuss how helping others impacts personal and community wellness.

F. Health Services and Careers

1. Describe health and fitness services provided in the school and community.

2. Describe and demonstrate how to seek help for a variety of health and fitness concerns.

3. Discuss wellness and fitness careers.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 6, students will:

A. Communication

1. Summarize health information from a variety of valid and reliable health resources.

2. Present health information using a multimedia approach, adapting the wording and delivery method for the topic and audience.

3. Demonstrate and evaluate the effective use of communication skills, including refusal, negotiation, and assertiveness.

4. Describe and demonstrate active and reflective listening.

5. Compare and contrast the economic and social purposes of health messages presented in the media.

B. Decision Making

1. Demonstrate effective decision making in health and safety situations.

2. Analyze the influence of family, peers, and the media on health decisions and investigate how conflicting interests may influence decisions and choices.

3. Analyze significant health decisions and discuss how the outcome(s) might have been different if a different decision had been made.

4. Explain how personal ethics influence decision making.

C. Planning and Goal Setting

1. Use health data and information to formulate health goals.

2. Develop strategies to support the achievement of short- and long-term health goals.

D. Character Development

1. Describe actions and situations that show evidence of good character.

2. Discuss the characteristics of a role model and how role models influence the personal goals and ethical standards of others.

E. Leadership, Advocacy, and Service

1. Compare various forms of leadership and implement appropriate leadership strategies when serving in a leadership role.

2. Evaluate personal and group contributions towards the achievement of a goal or task, analyze a group’s ability to improve its performance, and provide

appropriate feedback

3. Develop and articulate a group’s goals and vision.

4. Compare the use of cooperative and competitive strategies to achieve a group goal and recommend strategies to keep a group on target and free from

conflict.

5. Discuss how individuals can make a difference by helping others, investigate opportunities for volunteer service, and participate in activities through school

or community-based health or service organizations.

6. Formulate and express a position on health issues and educate peers about the health issue or cause.

7. Discuss local and state laws that impact personal, family, and community wellness and formulate ways that individuals and groups can work together to

improve wellness.

F. Health Services and Careers

1. Categorize health and fitness services available in the school and community and demonstrate how to access them.

2. Investigate health and fitness career opportunities.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 8, students will:

A. Communication

1. Analyze health ideas, opinions, and issues from a variety of valid and reliable health sources.

2. Present health information using a multimedia approach, adapting the wording and delivery method for various topics and audiences.

3. Assess the use of refusal, negotiation, and assertiveness skills and recommend strategies for improvement.

4. Assess the use of active and reflective listening.

5. Analyze the economic and political purposes and impacts of health messages found in the media.

B. Decision Making

1. Demonstrate and assess the use of decision-making skills in health and safety situations.

2. Compare and contrast the influence of peers, family, the media, and past experiences on the use of decision-making skills and predict how these influences

may change or conflict as one ages.

3. Predict social situations and conditions that may require adolescents and young adults to use decision making skills.

4. Discuss how ethical decision making requires careful thought and action.

5. Critique significant health decisions and discuss how the outcome(s) might have changed if the appropriate communication and decision-making skills had

been employed.

C. Planning and Goal Setting

1. Analyze factors that support or hinder the achievement of personal health goals.

D. Character Development

1. Analyze how character development can be enhanced and supported by individual, group, and team activities.

2. Compare and contrast the characteristics of various role models and the core ethical values they represent.

3. Explain how community and public service supports the development of core ethical values.

4. Analyze personal and group adherence to student codes of conduct.

E. Leadership, Advocacy, and Service

1. Demonstrate the ability to function effectively in both leadership and supportive roles.

2. Discuss motivational techniques used to improve personal and group achievement and develop rewards and sanctions for group accomplishments.

3. Develop and articulate a group’s goals, shared values, and vision.

4. Plan and implement volunteer activities to benefit a health organization or cause.

5. Develop and defend a position or opinion on a health issue or problem and educate students and parents about the health issue or cause.

F. Health Services and Careers

1. Compare and contrast health and fitness services available in the school and community, demonstrate how to access them, and evaluate each comparing

benefits and costs.

2. Compare and contrast preparation and job requirements for health and fitness careers.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

A. Communication

1. Use appropriate research methodology to investigate a health problem or issue.

2. Develop, present, and evaluate a multimedia health presentation and adapt it to address the needs and interests of varying audiences.

3. Teach others how to use communication skills, including refusal, negotiation, and assertiveness.

4. Employ strategies to improve communication and listening skills and assess their effectiveness.

5. Evaluate the economic, political, social, and aesthetic impacts of health messages found in literature, art, music, theater, and television.

B. Decision Making

1. Demonstrate and evaluate the use of decision making skills.

2. Evaluate factors that influence major health decisions and predict how those factors will change or conflict at various life stages.

3. Use reliable and valid health information to assess social situations and conditions that impact health and safety.

4. Analyze the use of ethics and personal values when making decisions.

5. Critique significant health decisions and debate the choices made.

C. Planning and Goal Setting

1. Appraise individual and family needs in order to achieve and maintain wellness and design a plan for lifelong wellness.

2. Evaluate how family, peers, healthcare providers, and the community support or hinder the achievement of a wellness plan.

D. Character Development

1. Demonstrate character based on core ethical values.

2. Analyze how role models, and the core ethical values they represent, influence society.

3. Analyze the impact of community or public service on individual and community core ethical values.

E. Leadership. Advocacy, and Service

1. Assess personal and group contributions and strengths that lead to the achievement of goals and tasks.

2. Evaluate personal participation as both a leader and follower.

3. Discuss factors that influence intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and employ motivational techniques to enhance group productivity.

4. Evaluate a group’s ability to be respectful, supportive, and adherent to codes of conduct.

5. Develop and articulate the group’s goals, shared values, vision, and work plan.

6. Plan, implement, and evaluate activities to benefit a health organization, cause, or issue.

7. Assess community awareness and understanding about a local, state, national, or international health issue.

F. Health Services and Careers

1. Access health and fitness services, programs, and resources and evaluate them for cost, availability, accessibility, benefits, and accreditation.

2. Analyze the preparation, licensing, and responsibilities of wellness and fitness professionals.

3. Compare and contrast health insurance and reimbursement plans.

STANDARD 2.3 (DRUGS AND MEDICINES) ALL STUDENTS WILL LEARN AND APPLY INFORMATION ABOUT ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, OTHER DRUGS AND MEDICINES TO MAKE DECISIONS THAT SUPPORT A HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE.

Descriptive Statement: This standard aims to provide students with information on the responsible use of medicines as well as the effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. The appropriate use of medicines can prevent serious health problems, reduce absenteeism from work and school, and enhance the quality of life. Conversely, the misuse or abuse of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs can impair judgment and lead to illness and injury. Helping students to acknowledge the internal and external pressures that influence them to use substances enables and empowers them to make choices that support a healthy, active lifestyle.

Cumulative Progress Indicators

By the end of Grade 2, students will:

A. Medicines

1. Identify different kinds of medicines.

2. Explain that medicines can be helpful or harmful and that when used correctly, medicines can help keep people healthy.

3. Discuss basic rules when taking medicines.

B. Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs

1. Define drug and give examples of harmful and/or illegal drugs.

2. Explain that tobacco use contributes to lung diseases and fires.

3. Discuss how tobacco smoke impacts the environment and the health of nonsmokers.

4. Discuss how alcohol use contributes to injuries such as falls and motor vehicle crashes

5. Identify substances that should never be consumed or inhaled such as drug look-alikes, glue, poisons, and cleaning fluids.

C. Dependency/Addiction and Treatment

1. Explain that some people cannot control their use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

2. Explain that people who abuse alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs can get help.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:

A. Medicines

1. Distinguish between over-the-counter and prescription medicines.

2. Identify commonly used medicines and discuss why they are used.

3. Discuss the importance of taking medicines as ordered, not sharing medicines with others, and reporting any side effects to a trusted adult.

B. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

1. Explain why it is illegal to use or possess certain drugs/substances.

2. Describe the short- and long-term physical effects of tobacco use.

3. Discuss the impact of second-hand/passive smoke on the health of nonsmokers.

4. Identify the short- and long-term physical and behavioral effects of alcohol use and abuse.

5. Identify the physical and behavioral effects of marijuana use.

6. Explain that brain damage, lung damage, and death can occur from inhaling certain substances, such as solvents, propellants, and medicinal gases.

C. Dependency/Addiction and Treatment

1. Discuss signs that a person might have a problem with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

2. Identify where individuals with a substance abuse problem can get help.

3. Differentiate among drug use, abuse, and misuse.

4. Describe how advertising, peers, and adults influence children and teenagers to try alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 6, students will:

A. Medicines

1. Discuss factors to consider when choosing an over-the-counter medicine.

2. Discuss medicines used to treat common diseases and health conditions.

3. Discuss the safe administration and storage of over-the-counter and prescription medicines.

4. Describe factors that impact the effectiveness of a medicine.

B. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

1. Describe how tobacco use contributes to the incidence of respiratory diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease.

2. Describe ways to reduce the health impact of tobacco smoke on non-smokers.

3. Describe how the use and abuse of alcohol impacts behavior and contributes to the incidence of illness and injuries.

4. Discuss the short- and long-term physical and behavioral effects of inhalant use, including brain, heart, and lung damage and death.

5. Discuss the classifications of illegal drugs and controlled substances and give examples of each.

6. Describe the physical and behavioral effects of each classification of drugs.

7. Discuss the relationship between injected drug use and diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.

8. Discuss the legal and financial consequences of the use, sale, and possession of illegal substances.

C. Dependency/Addiction and Treatment

1. Describe the signs and symptoms of a substance abuse problem and the stages that lead to dependency/addiction.

2. Identify ways to quit using alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs and discuss factors that support an individual to quit.

3. Discuss factors that contribute to the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by adolescents, such as advertising and the media, group

pressures, low self esteem, genetics, and poor role models.

4. Describe how substance abuse affects the individual and the family and describe ways that family and friends can support a drug- free lifestyle.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 8, students will:

A. Medicines

1. Compare and contrast commonly used over-the-counter medicines.

2. Classify commonly administered medicines and describe the potential side effects of each classification.

3. Recommend safe practices for the use of prescription medicines.

4. Compare and contrast the benefits and dangers of naturally occurring substances, such as herbs, organics, and supplements.

B. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

1. Investigate the relationship between tobacco use and respiratory diseases, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and injuries.

2. Investigate the health risks posed to nonsmokers by second hand/passive smoking.

3. Investigate how the use and abuse of alcohol contributes to illnesses such as cancer, liver disease, heart disease, and injuries.

4. Analyze how the use and abuse of alcohol impacts thinking, reaction time, and behavior.

5. Describe sudden sniffing syndrome and the resultant brain, nerve, and vital organ damage that can result from the use of inhaled substances.

6. Compare and contrast the physical and behavioral effects of each classification of drug.

7. Analyze health risks associated with injecting drug use.

8. Investigate the legal and financial consequences of the use, sale, and possession of illegal substances.

9. Discuss how the use of alcohol and other drugs influences decision-making and places one at risk for sexual assault, pregnancy, and STDs.

C. Dependency/Addiction and Treatment

1. Analyze the physical, social, and emotional indicators and stages of dependency.

2. Discuss ways to quit using substances and discuss factors that support the ability to quit.

3. Analyze factors that influence the use and abuse alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

4. Describe how substance abuse affects the individual, the family, and the community.

5. Discuss how tolerance, synergistic effects, and antagonistic effects have an impact on the use of drugs and medicines.

6. Discuss theories about dependency, such as genetic predisposition, gender-related predisposition, and multiple risks.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

A. Medicines

1. Investigate the use of new or experimental medicines and discuss the potential risks and benefits.

2. Evaluate the effectiveness of a medicine, considering the dosage, side effects, route of administration, cost, and benefits vs. risks.

3. Debate the benefits and dangers of naturally occurring substances such as herbal supplements.

B. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

1. Investigate tobacco use as a contributing or causative factor in the incidence of cancer, heart disease, emphysema and other lung diseases, and stroke.

2. Assess the impact of passive smoke on the health of children, individuals with allergies and asthma, and nonsmokers and describe initiatives created to

lessen the impact.

3. Summarize the impact of alcohol use and abuse on body systems and organs including the cardiovascular system, the liver, the reproductive system, and the

immune system.

4. Describe the impact of alcohol and other drugs on those areas of the brain that control vision, sleep, coordination, and reaction time and assess how the use

and abuse of alcohol and other drugs impairs behavior, judgment, and memory.

5. Investigate the relationship between alcohol and other drug use and the incidence of motor vehicle crashes.

6. Predict the physical, behavioral, and legal impacts of commonly abused substances, such as marijuana, inhalants, anabolic steroids, and party drugs.

7. Investigate the relationship between injected drug use and the incidence of diseases such as HIV and hepatitis.

8. Investigate the relationship between the use of alcohol, GHB, Ecstasy, and other drugs and the incidence of date rape, sexual assault, STDs, and unintended

pregnancy.

C. Dependency/Addiction and Treatment

1. Compare and contrast the physical, social, and emotional indicators of possible substance abuse.

2. Compare and contrast the physical and psychological stages of dependency.

3. Assess and evaluate factors that influence the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

4. Evaluate factors that support an individual to quit using substances.

5. Predict the short-and long-term impacts of substance abuse on the individual, the family, the community, and society.

STANDARD 2.4 (HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS AND SEXUALITY) ALL STUDENTS WILL LEARN THE PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS AND SEXUALITY AND APPLY THESE CONCEPTS TO SUPPORT A HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE.

Descriptive Statement: This standard seeks to provide students with an understanding of the physical, emotional and social aspects of human relationships and sexuality and how they support a healthy, active lifestyle. Students learn how to develop and maintain healthy relationships with friends and family. Additionally, students learn medically-accurate information about both abstinence and contraception and learn the skills to enact behaviors to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, and unintended pregnancy.

Cumulative Progress Indicators

By the end of Grade 2, students will:

A. Relationships

1. Identify different kinds of families and explain that families may differ for many reasons.

2. Explain that all family members have certain rights and responsibilities that contribute to the successful functioning of the family.

3. Explain that families experiencing a change or crisis can get help if they need it.

4. Define friendship and explain that friends are important throughout life.

5. Identify appropriate ways for children to show affection and caring.

B. Sexuality

1. Explain the physical differences and similarities of the genders.

C. Pregnancy and Parenting

1. Explain that human beings develop inside their birth mother, are helpless when born, and must be fed, clothed, and nurtured.