Standard 4:Mathematics

Mathematics Cumulative Progress Indicators (CPIs) for the end of the designated grade span

Place a "+" for an expectation that represents a strength & a "-" for a weakness

+ or -

STANDARD 4.5     (MATHEMATICAL PROCESSES)     ALL STUDENTS WILL USE MATHEMATICAL PROCESSES OF PROBLEM SOLVING, COMMUNICATION, CONNECTIONS, REASONING, REPRESENTATIONS, AND TECHNOLOGY TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AND COMMUNICATE MATHEMATICAL IDEAS.
 

A.     Problem Solving

 

At each grade level, with respect to content appropriate for that grade level, students will:
 

 1.          Learn mathematics through problem solving, inquiry, and discovery.

 

 2.          Solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts (cf. workplace readiness standard 8.3).

·        Open-ended problems

·        Non-routine problems

·        Problems with multiple solutions

·        Problems that can be solved in several ways

 

 3.         Select and apply a variety of appropriate problem-solving strategies (e.g., “try a simpler problem” or  “make a diagram”) to solve problems.

 

 4.         Pose problems of various types and levels of difficulty.
 

 5.         Monitor their progress and reflect on the process of their problem solving activity.

 

B.     Communication
  At each grade level, with respect to content appropriate for that grade level, students will:
 

1.         Use communication to organize and clarify their mathematical thinking.

·        Reading and writing

·        Discussion, listening, and questioning
 

 2.         Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others, both orally and in writing.
 

3.         Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others.

 

 4.         Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely.
 

C.     Connections
  At each grade level, with respect to content appropriate for that grade level, students will:
 

 1.         Recognize recurring themes across mathematical domains (e.g., patterns in number, algebra, and geometry).
 

 2.         Use connections among mathematical ideas to explain concepts (e.g., two linear equations have a unique solution because the lines they represent intersect at a single point).
 

 3.         Recognize that mathematics is used in a variety of contexts outside of mathematics.
 

 4.         Apply mathematics in practical situations and in other disciplines.
 

 5.         Trace the development of mathematical concepts over time and across cultures (cf. world languages and social studies standards).
 

 6.         Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole.
 

D.    Reasoning
  At each grade level, with respect to content appropriate for that grade level, students will:
 

 1.         Recognize that mathematical facts, procedures, and claims must be justified.
 

 2.         Use reasoning to support their mathematical conclusions and problem solutions.
 

 3.         Select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof.
 

 4.         Rely on reasoning, rather than answer keys, teachers, or peers, to check the correctness of their problem solutions.
 

 5.         Make and investigate mathematical conjectures.

·        Counterexamples as a means of disproving conjectures

·        Verifying conjectures using informal reasoning or proofs.
 

 6.         Evaluate examples of mathematical reasoning and determine whether they are valid.
 

E.     Representations
  At each grade level, with respect to content appropriate for that grade level, students will:
 

 1.         Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.

·        Concrete representations (e.g., base-ten blocks or algebra tiles)

·        Pictorial representations (e.g., diagrams, charts, or tables)

·        Symbolic representations (e.g., a formula)

·        Graphical representations (e.g., a line graph)
 

 2.         Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems.

 

 3.         Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena.

 

F.      Technology
  At each grade level, with respect to content appropriate for that grade level, students will:
 

 1.         Use technology to gather, analyze, and communicate mathematical information.
 

 2.         Use computer spreadsheets, software, and graphing utilities to organize and display quantitative information.
 

 3.         Use graphing calculators and computer software to investigate properties of functions and their graphs.
 

4.         Use calculators as problem-solving tools (e.g., to explore patterns, to validate solutions).
 

 5.         Use computer software to make and verify conjectures about geometric objects.
 

6.         Use computer-based laboratory technology for mathematical applications in the sciences.