Health & Physical Education - Standard 2

Drugs & Medicine Cumulative Progress Indicators (CPIs) for the end of the designated grade span

Place a "+" for an expectation that represents a strength & a "-" for a weakness

+ or -

A. Medicines

2. Explain that medicines can be helpful or harmful and that when used correctly, medicines can help keep people healthy.

3. Discuss basic rules when taking medicines.

1. Distinguish between over-the-counter and prescription medicines.

2. Identify commonly used medicines and discuss why they are used.

3. Discuss the importance of taking medicines as ordered, not sharing medicines with others, and reporting any side effects to a trusted adult.

1. Discuss factors to consider when choosing an over-the-counter medicine.

2. Discuss medicines used to treat common diseases and health conditions.

3. Discuss the safe administration and storage of over-the-counter and prescription medicines.

4. Describe factors that impact the effectiveness of a medicine.

1. Compare and contrast commonly used over-the-counter medicines.

2. Classify commonly administered medicines and describe the potential side effects of each classification.

3. Recommend safe practices for the use of prescription medicines.

4. Compare and contrast the benefits and dangers of naturally occurring substances, such as herbs, organics, and supplements.

1. Investigate the use of new or experimental medicines and discuss the potential risks and benefits.

2. Evaluate the effectiveness of a medicine, considering the dosage, side effects, route of administration, cost, and benefits vs. risks.

3. Debate the benefits and dangers of naturally occurring substances such as herbal supplements.

B. Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs

By the end of Grade 2, students will:

1. Define drug and give examples of harmful and/or illegal drugs.

2. Explain that tobacco use contributes to lung diseases and fires.

3. Discuss how tobacco smoke impacts the environment and the health of nonsmokers.

4. Discuss how alcohol use contributes to injuries such as falls and motor vehicle crashes

5. Identify substances that should never be consumed or inhaled such as drug look-alikes, glue, poisons, and cleaning fluids.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:

1. Explain why it is illegal to use or possess certain drugs/substances.

2. Describe the short- and long-term physical effects of tobacco use.

3. Discuss the impact of second-hand/passive smoke on the health of nonsmokers.

4. Identify the short- and long-term physical and behavioral effects of alcohol use and abuse.

5. Identify the physical and behavioral effects of marijuana use.

6. Explain that brain damage, lung damage, and death can occur from inhaling certain substances, such as solvents, propellants, and medicinal gases.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 6, students will:

1. Describe how tobacco use contributes to the incidence of respiratory diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease.

2. Describe ways to reduce the health impact of tobacco smoke on non-smokers.

3. Describe how the use and abuse of alcohol impacts behavior and contributes to the incidence of illness and injuries.

4. Discuss the short- and long-term physical and behavioral effects of inhalant use, including brain, heart, and lung damage and death.

5. Discuss the classifications of illegal drugs and controlled substances and give examples of each.

6. Describe the physical and behavioral effects of each classification of drugs.

7. Discuss the relationship between injected drug use and diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.

8. Discuss the legal and financial consequences of the use, sale, and possession of illegal substances.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 8, students will:

1. Investigate the relationship between tobacco use and respiratory diseases, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and injuries.

2. Investigate the health risks posed to nonsmokers by second hand/passive smoking.

3. Investigate how the use and abuse of alcohol contributes to illnesses such as cancer, liver disease, heart disease, and injuries.

4. Analyze how the use and abuse of alcohol impacts thinking, reaction time, and behavior.

5. Describe sudden sniffing syndrome and the resultant brain, nerve, and vital organ damage that can result from the use of inhaled substances.

6. Compare and contrast the physical and behavioral effects of each classification of drug.

7. Analyze health risks associated with injecting drug use.

8. Investigate the legal and financial consequences of the use, sale, and possession of illegal substances.

9. Discuss how the use of alcohol and other drugs influences decision-making and places one at risk for sexual assault, pregnancy, and STDs.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1. Investigate tobacco use as a contributing or causative factor in the incidence of cancer, heart disease, emphysema and other lung diseases, and stroke.   

2. Assess the impact of passive smoke on the health of children, individuals with allergies and asthma, and nonsmokers and describe initiatives created to lessen the impact.

3. Summarize the impact of alcohol use and abuse on body systems and organs including the cardiovascular system, the liver, the reproductive system, and the immune system.

4. Describe the impact of alcohol and other drugs on those areas of the brain that control vision, sleep, coordination, and reaction time and assess how the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs impairs behavior, judgment, and memory.

5. Investigate the relationship between alcohol and other drug use and the incidence of motor vehicle crashes.

6. Predict the physical, behavioral, and legal impacts of commonly abused substances, such as marijuana, inhalants, anabolic steroids, and party drugs.

7. Investigate the relationship between injected drug use and the incidence of diseases such as HIV and hepatitis.

 8. Investigate the relationship between the use of alcohol, GHB, Ecstasy, and other drugs and the incidence of date rape, sexual assault, STDs, and unintended pregnancy.

C. Dependency/Addiction and Treatment

By the end of Grade 2, students will:

1. Explain that some people cannot control their use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

2. Explain that people who abuse alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs can get help.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 4, students will:

1. Discuss signs that a person might have a problem with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

2. Identify where individuals with a substance abuse problem can get help.

3. Differentiate among drug use, abuse, and misuse.

4. Describe how advertising, peers, and adults influence children and teenagers to try alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 6, students will:

1. Describe the signs and symptoms of a substance abuse problem and the stages that lead to dependency/addiction.

2. Identify ways to quit using alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs and discuss factors that support an individual to quit.

3. Discuss factors that contribute to the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by adolescents, such as advertising and the media, group

pressures, low self esteem, genetics, and poor role models.

4. Describe how substance abuse affects the individual and the family and describe ways that family and friends can support a drug- free lifestyle.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 8, students will:

1. Analyze the physical, social, and emotional indicators and stages of dependency.

2. Discuss ways to quit using substances and discuss factors that support the ability to quit.

3. Analyze factors that influence the use and abuse alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

4. Describe how substance abuse affects the individual, the family, and the community.

5. Discuss how tolerance, synergistic effects, and antagonistic effects have an impact on the use of drugs and medicines.

6. Discuss theories about dependency, such as genetic predisposition, gender-related predisposition, and multiple risks.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1. Compare and contrast the physical, social, and emotional indicators of possible substance abuse.

2. Compare and contrast the physical and psychological stages of dependency.

3. Assess and evaluate factors that influence the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

4. Evaluate factors that support an individual to quit using substances.

5. Predict the short-and long-term impacts of substance abuse on the individual, the family, the community, and society.