Health & Physical Education - Standard 2

Health & Physical Education Cumulative Progress Indicators (CPIs) for the end of the designated grade span

Place a "+" for an expectation that represents a strength & a "-" for a weakness

+ or -

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Recommend behaviors to enhance and support the optimal functioning of body systems.

2.    Predict and discuss significant developmental issues or concerns that impact each life stage.

3.    Predict the impact of heredity and genetics on human growth and development.

C.   Nutrition

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Analyze and evaluate current dietary recommendations, resources, and trends from a variety of sources.

2.    Design and evaluate a nutrition plan for a healthy young adult considering cost, availability, nutritional balance, freshness, nutritional value, and culture.

3.    Recommend healthy ways to lose, gain, or maintain weight.

4.    Analyze and evaluate how healthy and unhealthy eating patterns impact the functioning of the human body, including healthy bone development and immune system functioning.

D.  Diseases and Health Conditions

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.     Analyze the availability and effectiveness of current and emerging diagnostic and treatment modalities for various diseases and health conditions.

2.     Discuss the relationship between signs and symptoms of disease and the functioning of the body’s immune system.

3.     Compare and contrast diseases and health conditions occurring in adolescence and young adulthood with those occurring later in life, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, arthritis, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s.

4.     Investigate and assess local, state, national, and international public health efforts.

5.     Investigate the impact of mental illness on personal, family, and community wellness.

E.   Safety

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Evaluate work and leisure situations for perceived and actual risk of intentional and unintentional injuries.

2.    Develop personal protection strategies to reduce the incidence of injuries and evaluate their effectiveness.

3.    Assess the short- and long-term impacts of injuries on the individual, family members, the community, and the workplace.

4.    Describe and demonstrate first aid procedures, including Basic Life Support and automatic external defibrillation, caring for bone and joint emergencies, caring for cold and heat injuries, and responding to medical emergencies.

5.    Describe and demonstrate ways to protect against sexual assault and discuss what to do if sexually assaulted.

F.   Social and Emotional Health

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Discuss psychological principles and theories of personality development.

2.    Analyze the impact of physical development, social norms and expectations, self-esteem, and perceived vulnerability on adolescent social and emotional growth and behavior.

3.    Analyze how peer norms and expectations, the availability of weapons, substance abuse, media images, and poor role models contribute to violent behavior.

4.    Predict the consequences of conflict, harassment, bullying, vandalism, and violence on individuals, families, and the community.

5.    Predict how a family might cope with crisis or change and suggest ways to restore family balance and function.

+ or -

A. Communication

B. Decision Making

C. Planning and Goal Setting

D. Character Development

E. Leadership, Advocacy, and Service

F. Health Services and Careers

+ or -

A. Medicines

1. Investigate the use of new or experimental medicines and discuss the potential risks and benefits.

2. Evaluate the effectiveness of a medicine, considering the dosage, side effects, route of administration, cost, and benefits vs. risks.

3. Debate the benefits and dangers of naturally occurring substances such as herbal supplements.

B. Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1. Investigate tobacco use as a contributing or causative factor in the incidence of cancer, heart disease, emphysema and other lung diseases, and stroke.   

2. Assess the impact of passive smoke on the health of children, individuals with allergies and asthma, and nonsmokers and describe initiatives created to lessen the impact.

3. Summarize the impact of alcohol use and abuse on body systems and organs including the cardiovascular system, the liver, the reproductive system, and the immune system.

4. Describe the impact of alcohol and other drugs on those areas of the brain that control vision, sleep, coordination, and reaction time and assess how the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs impairs behavior, judgment, and memory.

5. Investigate the relationship between alcohol and other drug use and the incidence of motor vehicle crashes.

6. Predict the physical, behavioral, and legal impacts of commonly abused substances, such as marijuana, inhalants, anabolic steroids, and party drugs.

7. Investigate the relationship between injected drug use and the incidence of diseases such as HIV and hepatitis.

 8. Investigate the relationship between the use of alcohol, GHB, Ecstasy, and other drugs and the incidence of date rape, sexual assault, STDs, and unintended pregnancy.

C. Dependency/Addiction and Treatment

+ or -

A.   Relationships

1.    Investigate how different family structures, values, rituals, and traditions meet basic human needs.

2.    Discuss how personal independence, past experiences, and social responsibility influence the choice of friends in young adulthood.

3.    Recommend strategies to enhance and maintain mature, loving, respectful, and healthy relationships.

4.    Compare and contrast adolescent and adult dating practices.

5.    Describe the important characteristics of a spouse or life partner and describe factors to consider when contemplating a lifetime commitment such as marriage.

6.    Discuss the importance of physical and emotional intimacy in a healthy relationship.

7.    Develop strategies to address domestic or dating violence and end unhealthy relationships.

B.   Sexuality

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Appraise internal and external influences and pressures to become sexually active and demonstrate strategies to resist those pressures.

2.    Critique behaviors that place one at greater risk for HIV/AIDS, STDs, and unintended pregnancy.

3.    Analyze factors that influence the choice, use, and effectiveness of contraception, risk reduction, or risk elimination strategies.

4.    Predict how cultural and religious beliefs, popular trends and fads, and current and emerging technological advances influence sexuality and reproductive health.

5.    Investigate current and emerging topics related to sexual orientation.

6.    Investigate female and male reproductive and sexual health issues and discuss the importance of education and preventive healthcare (e.g., breast/testicular exam).

C.   Pregnancy and Parenting

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Compare and contrast embryonic and fetal development in single and multiple pregnancies.

2.    Describe the stages of labor and childbirth and compare childbirth options.

3.    Analyze the physical and emotional changes that occur during each trimester of pregnancy and postpartum.

4.    Compare and contrast pregnancy options.

5.    Discuss physical, emotional, social, cultural, religious, and legal issues related to pregnancy termination.

6.    Investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, infections, and environmental hazards and the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome, sudden infant death syndrome, low birth weight, and disabilities.

7.    Analyze the physical, economic, emotional, social, intellectual, and cultural demands of raising a child.

8.    Assess and evaluate parenting strategies used at various stages of child development.

9.    Investigate the legal rights and responsibilities of teen mothers and fathers.

10.   Discuss factors that influence the decision to have or to adopt a child.

+ or -

A.   Movement Skills

1.     Demonstrate mature, mechanically correct form and control when combining and modifying movement skills in applied settings.

2.     Use information from internal and external sources to detect, analyze, and correct errors in movement skills and patterns used in applied settings.

4.     Transfer specialized movement skills that use similar patterns from one movement activity to another.

5.     Design and perform smooth flowing sequences with intentional changes in direction, flow, and speed (e.g., martial arts, line dance, roller blading, swimming).

B.   Movement Concepts

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.     Analyze a movement performance and discuss how each part can be made more interesting, creative, efficient, and/or more effective.

2.     Predict changes in movement performance based on the application of balance, counter balance, weight transfer, and agility.

3.     Analyze the impact of kinesthetic awareness, “perfect” practice, motivation, and appropriate challenges in facilitating the learning and refinement of a movement skill.

4.     Analyze how movement activities reflect culture, era, geography, or historical context  

C.   Strategy

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Demonstrate and assess tactical understanding by using appropriate and effective offensive, defensive, and cooperative strategies in applied settings

D.   Sportsmanship, Rules, and Safety

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Analyze the role, responsibilities, and preparation of players, officials, trainers, and other participants and recommend strategies to improve their performance and behavior.

2.    Investigate the impact of rules and regulations on the health and safety of participants.

E.   Sport Psychology

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

+ or -

A.   Fitness and Physical Activity

1.     Predict the short- and long-term physical, social, and emotional benefits and potential problems associated with regular physical activity.

2.     Summarize the causes, influences, and responses of body systems during exercise.

3.     Describe how preventive healthcare, physiological monitoring, hydration, a safe environment, and exercising with a partner contribute to safe fitness activities.

4.     Evaluate the role of genetics, gender, age, nutrition, activity level, and exercise type on body composition.

B.   Training

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.     Develop and implement a training program to maximize health benefits and prevent exercise-related injuries and illnesses.

2.     Apply training principles to establish a progression of activity that will improve each component of fitness and justify the use of each principle.

3.     Compare and contrast the use of drugs, fitness products, and fads to achieve fitness.

C.   Achieving and Assessing Fitness

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in preceding grades, by the end of Grade 12, students will:

1.    Engage in a variety of sustained, vigorous physical activities to enhance each component of fitness.

2.    Perform at the intensity level needed to enhance cardiovascular fitness, monitor physiological responses before, during and after exercise, and modify exercise appropriately in response.

3.    Assess personal level of fitness, design a personal fitness plan considering current health and fitness status, goals and interests, skill level, accessibility and costs, and use technology to implement, monitor, and evaluate the plan.

4.    Demonstrate age and gender-specific progress towards the achievement of fitness goals for each component of health-related and skill-related fitness.

5.    Modify a fitness plan to accommodate for injury, illness, pregnancy, aging, and disability.

6.    Discuss the use of body mass index, body fat percentage, and fat deposition as measures of fitness.